Alternative Names vasospastic angina, variant angina, Prinzmetal's angina
Definition
The coronary arteries are a pair of blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscles. A spasm in these arteries known as a vasospasm reduces blood flow to the heart. This causes a chest pain called angina.
What is going on in the body?
Most often, vasospastic angina occurs while a person is at rest, or it wakes a person from sleep. This is in contrast to typical angina caused by clogged arteries (atherosclerosis), which more often comes on with exercise. Vasospastic angina can, however, happen whether a person is active a resting and regardless of the presence of atherosclerosis.
When the spasms occur, blood flow to the heart is reduced. This causes the pain and raises the risk of a heart attack.
What are the signs and symptoms of the condition?
Symptoms of vasospastic angina are similar to those of typical angina:
Sometimes, strenuous activity can bring on an attack.
What can be done to prevent the condition?
Generally, nothing can be done to prevent the condition.
How is the condition diagnosed?
A healthcare provider may suspect coronary artery spasms based on a person's symptoms. A pattern of chest pain at rest, for example, is suspicious, especially if a person has no history of blocked coronary arteries or heart attack. An electrocardiogram (ECG) may be normal between attacks. During attacks, the ECG may record changes that show a lack of blood flow to the heart. A procedure called a cardiac catheterization can find clogged blood vessels. Often, vasospastic angina can be diagnosed only after other possibilities have been excluded.
What are the long-term effects of the condition?
A person with coronary artery spasms has a higher risk of:
What are the risks to others?
There are no risks to others.
What are the treatments for the condition?
If a person has severely blocked coronary arteries, surgery may stop the vasospasms. Those who have fewer symptoms and no coronary artery blockages respond well to heart medication.
stress tests, or an ECG of the heart's function during exercise
A person should report any change in the pattern or severity of chest pains to his or her healthcare provider right away.
Author: Eric Berlin, MD Date Written: 05/31/00 Medical Review: Patrick Mathias, MD Date Written: 9/19/2006 Reviewer: Reginald Finger, MD Date Reviewed: 9/21/2006
Contributors
Potential conflict of interest information for reviewers available on request
